Researchers have developed Fluoride-based batteries which could potentially last eight times longer effectively reducing the number of times you need to charge your devices. They have developed the first rechargeable fluoride batteries using liquid components that work at room temperatures.
Batteries drive electric currents by shuttling ions between positive and negative electrodes. While, the current lithium-based batteries use positive lithium ions for this, the new fluoride-based batteries use negatively charged ions for the same.
Importantly, it’s more difficult to move the lithium positive ion as compared to the single charged fluoride ion, thereby needing recharging less frequently.
Read the full story: Caltech
Scientific publication: Science
In a major breakthrough, scientists have produced a memristive element from nanowire which functions similar to a neuron. This element can both process and save information and also receive several signals in parallel.
These elements are made of a single zinc oxide nanowire, which is approximately a thousand times thinner than a human hair. This nanowire is attached to silver and platinum metals which function as electrodes that can release ions at an appropriate current.
This paves the way to develop neuromorphic chips which can imitate the human brain functioning, at the same time being small and energy efficient
Read the full story: Forschungszentrum Juelich
Scientific publication: Nature Communications
Google has just announced the launch of its Artificial Intelligence (AI)-driven audio news feed. The service is similar to radio news journals; however, the content will be personalized by AI algorithms.
The news feed will be managed and personalized by Google Assistant, the AI program developed by the company. The project is part of the efforts to deliver content through Google’s speakers and smartphones.
The service will first be available to a small number of people in the United States. It will be interesting to see if this way of following the news will be embraced by the public.
Read the full story: TechXplore
Scientists have succeeded to make a glucose biosensor by 3D printing that can be used in wearable monitors.
While alternatives for glucose meters that require constant finger printing already exist, the new device is cheaper, uses less material, is much more stable and is much more sensitive. Also, 3D-printing offers the possibility to adapt the biosensor to the biology of each individual for optimal results.
For large-scale use, the new biosensor has to be integrated with electronic components on a wearable platform. Thus, the 3-D printed glucose biosensor might be a replacement for finger pricking in the not too distant future.
Read the full story: Washington State University
Scientific publication: Analytica Chimica Acta
A new study suggests tech entrepreneurs have different political views compared to other mainstream economic categories.
Technology innovators tend to support liberal social and redistributive policies, but they have a more conservative approach when it comes to regulation and labor unions. Technology entrepreneurs scored low on measures of authoritarianism and racial resentment, but high on cosmopolitanism.
As previous generations of economic elites did, it is likely that tech entrepreneurs will try to use their power to influence political decisions. Therefore, this study is important because it allows us to get insight into what the entrepreneurs might actually want to change.
Read the full story: PsyPost
Scientific publication: American Journal of Political Science
Researchers are developing a new radical way to accelerate artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms. The new approach involves an optical chip that uses light (instead of electrons) to transfer information.
This can greatly increase the speed of computers and allow AI software to perform much faster than today. How quickly the new chip will perform, depends in practice on how fast it can interact with conventional computer components.
Previous attempts to produce optical computer chips have failed. However, now the scientists may be close to obtaining the first working prototype. The startup Lightelligence, behind this study, claims they have already started manufacturing the chips.
Read the full story: Scientific American
Scientific publication: Science
Electrochemical systems containing bacteria have been described before, but in practice, they are difficult to use because of their large size. To improve them, miniaturization is necessary. Now, scientists developed a new technique to create fine organic electrodes of up to 80 micrometers thick.
The researchers used an electrically conducting polymer (PEDOT:PSS) and the electroactive bacterium Shewanella oneidensis to obtain the new electrodes. When the resulting system is used as the anode in microbial electrochemical cells, the current was 20 times higher compared to using regular anodes.
The discovery has several applications from water purification to biosensors. Moreover, electrical systems based on bacteria represent an environmentally friendly mean to convert chemical energy to electricity.
Read the full story: Linkoping University
Scientific publication: Scientific Reports
Researchers have established a new technique to remove the highly toxic mercury from contaminated water. The new method is based on electrochemistry. Mercury ions are attracted to a metal plate, an electrode of platinum, get reduced to metallic mercury and together, mercury and platinum form a stable alloy. Each platinum atom can bond four mercury atoms, and do not bond with other ions in the water. Mercury can then be safely removed from the electrode, which can thus be reused.
Read the full story: Chalmers University of Technology
Scientific publication: Nature Communications
Every know aircraft today has some moving parts such as propellers and fans, however, researchers from MIT just announced building the first plane with no moving parts. And it flies, too!
The new design doesn’t use fossil fuel. Instead, it is powered by ions generated by electrically charged electrodes and lithium-polymer batteries. These parts produce “ionic wind” that enable the plane to lift off. Moreover, it is completely silent while flying.
The team flew the plane over a distance of 60 meters. The flight was repeated 10 times with success. Maybe this is the first step towards a future with silent planes, without turbines and propellers, and without combustion emissions.
Read the full story: MIT
Scientific publication: Nature
Researchers have, for the first time, managed to melt gold at room temperature. There’s no need to rush and put your jewelry in the fridge! An intense electrical field is needed for the melting to occur.
The scientists placed a small piece of gold in an electron microscope and gradually exposed it to an increasingly stronger electrical field. The electric field excited the gold atoms which lost their ordered structure and released almost all their connections to each other. In other words, the gold melted at room temperature.
The discovery provides a new understanding of the physics of gold and opens the doors for new practical ways to use the precious metal for sensors, catalysts and transistors.
Read the full story: Chalmers University of Technology
Scientific publication: Physical Review Materials
Scientists working with the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST) nicknamed the “Chinese artificial sun” reported an amazing achievement: they reached a plasma central electron temperature of 100 million Celsius degrees, six times hotter than the Sun itself!
This is a crucial step towards achieving the dream of fusion energy. For stable fusion, a temperature of 100 million C is one of the most fundamental elements. Nuclear fusion needs very high temperature and great pressure, and since the required pressure cannot be achieved on Earth, scientists can only raise the temperature.
This result establishes an important foundation for the development of clean fusion energy.
Read the full story: Hefei Institues of Physical Science Chinese Academy of Sciences
The kilogram is defined by a platinum cylinder, International Prototype Kilogram (informally Le Grand K or IPK), manufactured in 1889 and stored in Paris. Countries made copies of this reference cylinder and used them to measure the mass.
However, this approach induces small variations in the results of metrological measurements. Not all copies are perfect replicas of the Le Grand K. Changes in the environment can also impact the mass. Similar issues apply to other units of measurement.
To eliminate these issues and ensure precise and constant measurements all over the world, the International System of Units (SI) is redefining the kilogram together with other three fundamental units in terms of fundamental units, which are unchanging numbers. The changes will come into effect on 20 May 2019.
Read the full story: ScienceBriefss
Scientific publication: BIPM - Bureau International des Poids et Mesures
Lithium batteries that run longer and charge faster can become a reality soon. Scientists have developed the next generation of such metal batteries by using a special polymer on the interface of the lithium metal. This material acts as a porous sponge that not only promotes ion transfer, but also stops deterioration of lithium, even when batteries are being charged fast. Scientists estimate that the life of lithium batteries can double this way, meaning less recharging of your mobile phone or increasing the autonomy of electric cars.
Read the full story: Penn State
Scientific publication: Nature Energy
Did you know that the camera in your smartphone is actually an ultra-high-speed image capturing device? Well, it is now, with the development of a new technique that allows ordinary electronic cameras to acquire images at record speed (but only in black and white).
The key idea is that one single image can be thought of as many black-and-white snapshots. The researchers developed a mathematical technique to extract these snapshots from a single image, an idea they call the virtual frame technique.
The results were amazing and showed that even an iPhoneX could record up to a million frames per second using this technique. The virtual frame technology is a great step forward in photography and has many potential applications.
Read the full story: MIT Technology Review
Scientific publication: Arxiv
A recent study describes a new approach that achieves the amazing capability of allowing identification of the structures of small molecules (hormones, drugs) in as little as 30 minutes. Using current approaches, such a task could take hours or even days.
The technique is called micro-electron diffraction (MicroED), previously used to discover the structure of large molecules. It works even on powders, without the requirement of converting the compound into crystals, or other complicated preparations.
This works on molecules weighing less than about 900 daltons and it has major implications for chemistry and other fields such as drug discovery, forensics, medical testing, etc.
Read the full story: California Institute of Technology (Caltech)
Scientific publication: ACS Central Science
A new type of sensor (oximeter) allows detection of the blood-oxygen levels over large areas of the body, providing crucial medical information.
The sensor is made of organic electronics printed on flexible plastic that molds to the shape of the body. It can detect blood-oxygen levels at nine points in a grid and can be placed anywhere on the skin. Previous oximeters only work on “transparent” areas of the body, such as fingertips, but the new design can be used anywhere.
The device has many applications: map oxygenation of sky grafts, monitor transplanted organs and supervise healing wounds.
Read the full story: University of California Berkeley
Scientific publication: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Quantum computers technology just got a boost with the development of a new silicon-based device capable of reading and writing quantum information, two essential functions for error correction in computers.
It is the first time these two operations were achieved simultaneously on the same device. The team of scientists used existing technologies combined in an ingenious way to allow the design of a novel device.
The hardware was produced using conventional semiconductor manufacturing technology and the researchers will try to scale it up in order to create a silicon-based quantum-computer chip.
Read the full story: Physics World
Scientific publication: Nature Communications
Scientists report the development of a new technology that controls gene transcription using light. Gene transcription is the process that allows the conversion of DNA into RNA, a crucial step in producing proteins that impact how cells function.
The researchers used single yeast cells genetically engineered to respond to blue light. When the light is present, the cells activate a transcription factor and thereby promote the transcription of a specific gene.
Currently, the technique only works under the microscope, so the applications are limited. However, it is very useful for research, tissue engineering and, stem cells. Further studies will be conducted to expand the applicability of the discovery.
Read the full story: ETH Zurich
Scientific publication: Molecular Cell
Technology for telecommunications is expected to benefit from graphene, which enables ultra-wide bandwidth communications with low power consumption, researchers report. While current semiconductor technologies are approaching their physical limitations, graphene may offer solutions to enable the realization of 5G, the Internet-of-Things, and Industry 4.0, as it enhances the performance of key components for optical and radio communications to levels that are even beyond the requirements. It is thus expected that graphene-based optical components, integrated on a silicon platform, will become key components in the 5G era.
Read the full story: Graphene Flagship
Scientific publication: Nature Reviews Materials
A new study reports the production of a new self-healing polymer that is cheap and can be applied to for instance the coating of cell phone screens, plastics, and paints. The researchers took advantage of interactions between co-polymers that look like spaghetti strands with little brushes on the side. When they get longer, they become more entangled, and the side groups interlock so that it becomes harder to pull them apart. Also, when they are being pulled out, they come back together, and are self-healing like our skin. Researchers expect that the polymers can be synthesized at an industrial scale relatively soon.
Read the full story: Clemson University
Scientific publication: Science
Researchers have established that feeding the bacterium Moorella thermoacetica with gold clusters of 1 nm in size transforms them into an artificial photosynthesis system. The bacteria take up the gold particles quite efficiently, and have thus a sunlight-absorbing metal inside that is close to the enzymes involved in photosynthesis and electron transfer to generate energy. This energy can be used for the production of useful chemicals, including biofuel.
Read the full story: UC Berkeley – College of Chemistry
Scientific publication: Nature Nanotechnology
The development of real fusion power plants is facing several problems. For example: how to get rid of the excess heat that would cause structural damage to the plant?
Now, a group of scientists came up with a possible solution to this problem: using an innovative approach the scientists can compact fusion reactors using superconducting magnets.
The new design has several added advantages, like allowing the replacement of critical components, which is not possible in typical fusion plants designs.
Read the full story: MIT
Scientific publication: Fusion Engineering and Design
Researchers have designed and tested a prototype of an implantable, biodegradable, and wireless device that accelerates the regeneration of nerves. This example of bioelectronic medicine delivers regular pulses of electricity to damaged peripheral nerves in rats. It is about the size of a dime, as thin as a sheet of paper, and is degraded within two weeks by the body. This type of technology could be used in patients in the future to deliver care at the location in the body where it is needed, during a clinically relevant period, and is therefore expected to cause less side effects or risks associated with implants that are in use today.
Read the full story: Northwestern University (through Eurekalert)
Scientific publication: Nature Medicine
Researchers from the University of Cambridge have developed a model that can predict if a given retail business will succeed or not, with an accuracy of 80%.
To predict the future of a business, scientists used social media data and transport information. Their model included over 71 million check-ins from location-based social network and 181 million taxi trips. The data showed that across all ten cities tested, venues that are popular around the clock, rather than just at certain points of the day, are more likely to succeed.
The model suggests that to ensure the success of a business, owners should consider the ways that people move to and through that neighbourhood at different times.
Read the full story: University of Cambridge
Scientific publication: ACM Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing (Ubicomp)
Detecting fake news is not an easy task, and many companies invest millions in this direction.
Now, researchers from MIT have developed a new approach, based on machine learning, to identify fake news right at the source. The system automatically collects data about different websites and after analyzing about 150 articles it can reliably estimate whether a news source is trustable.
The system is still in development however, it helped already establish a database of 1,000 news sources, annotated with factuality and bias scores, that is the world’s largest database of its kind.
Read the full story: MIT
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